What is Lochia?

The postpartum period is a significant phase for a mother’s body, as it undergoes healing and recovery after childbirth. One key aspect of this process is lochia, a type of vaginal discharge that occurs after delivery. Many new mothers experience it, but its nature, phases, and significance may not always be fully understood.

Tabular Data: Overview of Lochia Phases 

Browse best Scrubs Collection

What is Lochia?

Lochia is a normal vaginal discharge that occurs after childbirth. It consists of blood, mucus, and uterine tissue that is shed as the uterus heals and returns to its pre-pregnancy size. During pregnancy, the uterus expands significantly to accommodate the growing fetus. After delivery, the uterus undergoes involution—a process where it contracts and shrinks back to its original size. As the uterus contracts and heals, it sheds the lining that had built up during pregnancy, leading to the discharge known as lochia.

While it might be similar to a menstrual period in appearance, lochia typically lasts longer and undergoes different phases. It is an essential part of the body’s natural healing process and indicates that the uterus is gradually recovering from the effects of childbirth. Understanding its different phases can help new mothers know what to expect during the postpartum period.

Explore All Women's Scrub

The Three Phases of Lochia

Lochia typically goes through three stages, each marked by different characteristics in color, consistency, and amount. These stages are:

• Lochia Rubra
• Lochia Serosa
• Lochia Alba

Lochia Rubra

Lochia rubra is the first phase, usually lasting from birth up to about four days postpartum. It is characterized by a bright or dark red color, similar to menstrual blood. This stage involves the heaviest bleeding, with the discharge consisting mainly of blood, small clots, and remnants of the placental tissue.

The amount of bleeding varies from one person to another, but it is usually heaviest during the first few days and then gradually decreases. It is normal for the flow to be more intense during physical activity, after breastfeeding, or upon waking up in the morning. This is because breastfeeding triggers the release of the hormone oxytocin, which causes uterine contractions, helping the uterus to expel the lochia more effectively.

Lochia Serosa

Lochia serosa is the second phase and can last from around the fourth day up to approximately the tenth day postpartum. The discharge during this stage becomes lighter in color, changing from red to pink or brownish-pink. It contains less blood and more mucus, along with some white blood cells.

The volume of lochia during this phase is generally lighter than in the lochia rubra stage, and there may be fewer clots present. As the uterus continues to heal, the color of the discharge may shift, and the consistency may become more watery. While lochia serosa indicates that the postpartum healing process is progressing, some women may experience occasional bleeding, especially after physical activity.

Lochia Alba

Lochia alba is the final phase of postpartum vaginal discharge, which can last from the second week postpartum up until six weeks after delivery. This phase is characterized by a yellowish or whitish color, as the discharge is composed mostly of white blood cells, mucus, and epithelial cells.

During lochia alba, the flow is much lighter compared to the earlier stages and may be more of a thick, creamy consistency. While it typically subsides by the sixth week postpartum, it may last a bit longer in some women. The eventual cessation of lochia indicates that the uterus has largely healed, though some residual discharge may continue intermittently.

How Long Does Lochia Last?

Lochia can last anywhere from two to six weeks, depending on the individual. The duration may vary based on factors such as whether the mother delivered vaginally or via cesarean section, the level of postpartum physical activity, breastfeeding, and any underlying medical conditions.

Women who breastfeed may experience a shorter duration of lochia, as the release of oxytocin during nursing helps the uterus contract and heal more rapidly. Conversely, a longer duration of lochia may be observed in mothers who experienced complications during delivery, such as a retained placenta or a uterine infection.

Managing Lochia

Managing lochia involves taking steps to ensure comfort, hygiene, and a healthy recovery. Here are some practical tips for handling postpartum vaginal discharge:

Use Absorbent Pads

Sanitary pads designed for postpartum use are highly absorbent and can help manage the flow. Tampons should be avoided during the postpartum period, as they can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.

Practice Good Hygiene

Changing pads frequently, washing hands before and after, and keeping the genital area clean are vital. Avoid using any douches or feminine hygiene sprays, as they can disrupt the natural healing process and lead to infections.

Rest and Avoid Overexertion

Physical activity can exacerbate bleeding, so it is essential to rest and avoid lifting heavy objects or engaging in strenuous exercise. Allowing the body adequate time to heal will aid the recovery process.

Monitor for Signs of Infection

If the lochia develops a foul odor, or if there are symptoms such as fever, abdominal pain, or unusual discomfort, it may indicate an infection. In such cases, medical attention is necessary.

Wear Comfortable Underwear

Loose-fitting, breathable underwear made of cotton is recommended to promote airflow and reduce the risk of irritation or infection.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While lochia is a normal part of postpartum recovery, there are instances where medical evaluation is necessary. Contact a healthcare provider if:

• Lochia lasts longer than six weeks without significant reduction in flow.
• There is an increase in bleeding, or lochia changes back to bright red after it had lightened.
• The discharge has a strong or foul odor.
• There are signs of an infection, such as fever, chills, or severe abdominal pain.

Shop the Best Lab Coats from Here!